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On the Fluctuation Relation for Nose-Hoover Boundary Thermostated Systems

机译:关于鼻 - 胡佛边界恒温的波动关系   系统

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摘要

We discuss the transient and steady state fluctuation relation for amechanical system in contact with two deterministic thermostats at differenttemperatures. The system is a modified Lorentz gas in which the fixedscatterers exchange energy with the gas of particles, and the thermostats aremodelled by two Nos\'e-Hoover thermostats applied at the boundaries of thesystem. The transient fluctuation relation, which holds only for a precisechoice of the initial ensemble, is verified at all times, as expected. Timeslonger than the mesoscopic scale, needed for local equilibrium to be settled,are required if a different initial ensemble is considered. This shows how thetransient fluctuation relation asymptotically leads to the steady staterelation when, as explicitly checked in our systems, the condition found in[D.J. Searles, {\em et al.}, J. Stat. Phys. 128, 1337 (2007)], for the validityof the steady state fluctuation relation, is verified. For the steady statefluctuations of the phase space contraction rate $\zL$ and of the dissipationfunction $\zW$, a similar relaxation regime at shorter averaging times isfound. The quantity $\zW$ satisfies with good accuracy the fluctuation relationfor times larger than the mesoscopic time scale; the quantity $\zL$ appears tobegin a monotonic convergence after such times. This is consistent with thefact that $\zW$ and $\zL$ differ by a total time derivative, and that the tailsof the probability distribution function of $\zL$ are Gaussian.
机译:我们讨论了在不同温度下与两个确定性恒温器接触的机械系统的瞬态和稳态波动关系。该系统是一种改良的Lorentz气体,其中固定的散射体与颗粒气体交换能量,并且恒温器由应用于系统边界的两个Nos'e-Hoover恒温器建模。如预期的那样,始终验证瞬态波动关系,该波动波动关系仅适用于初始合奏的精确选择。如果考虑使用不同的初始集合,则需要比介观尺度更长的时间来解决局部平衡。这表明当在我们的系统中明确检查到[D.J.A.]中的条件时,瞬态波动关系如何渐近地导致稳态关系。 Searles,{\ em等人},J。Stat。物理128,1337(2007)],验证了稳态波动关系的有效性。对于相空间收缩率$ \ zL $和耗散函数$ \ zW $的稳态波动,发现了在较短平均时间下的相似弛豫机制。量$ \ zW $可以很好地满足波动关系大于介观时标的时间;在这样的时间之后,数量\\ zL $似乎开始单调收敛。这与$ \ zW $和$ \ zL $相差总时间导数,并且$ \ zL $的概率分布函数的尾部为高斯这一事实是一致的。

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